PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.